The advantage of purchasing venture capital funds with retirement funds is the ability to gain tax advantages, such as tax-deferral or tax-free growth on income or gains the investment generates. A self-directed retirement plan, such as the Solo 401k plan, gives you the freedom to purchase venture capital funds with a checkbook control structure.
Buying Venture Capital Funds with Retirement Funds
Many successful companies, such as Google and Amazon have been funded and grown from venture capital investments. Venture capital investments are a high reward/high-risk investment. A venture capital firm may fund 10 companies, but only one needs to be successful to yield high rewards.
For example, Facebook’s $22 billion acquisition of WhatsApp in 2014 was (and still is) the largest private acquisition of a venture capital-backed company. It was also a big win for Sequoia Capital, the company’s only venture investor, which turned its $60 million investment into $3 billion.
Venture capital investments with a Solo 401(k) or IRA are seen as a tax-attractive option because the gains from the investment would generally flow back to the retirement account without being subject to tax. Additionally, in the case of a Roth Solo 401(k), the income or gains have the potential to fully be tax exempt.
What is Venture Capital?
Venture capital is financing that investors provide to new start-ups and small businesses that are believed to have great potential. Venture capital generally comes from:
- Accredited investors
- Family offices
- Any financial institution
Venture capital funds generally make money by charging a small fee for managing the fund (typically around 2%) and then taking a cut of the gains from the investments above a certain set threshold. This is known as the carried interest and is typically 20%.
The fees associated with investing in a venture capital fund are steeper than investing in a mutual fund or ETF, but the hope is that the returns will more than make up for the associated costs.
What is the difference between venture capital and private equity?
Venture capital and private equity investments are very similar. However, venture capital typically invests in early-stage companies with no revenue. Private equity invests in mature companies generating revenue but needs to be revitalized.
Both private equity and venture capital funds typically raise money from wealthy accredited investors, family offices, banks, financial institutions, other investment funds, pension funds, and even IRAs.
Venture Capital Investments with a Solo 401(k)
With a Solo 401(k) retirement plan, the business owner or plan participant (you) can serve as trustee. As a result, you can make private equity investments simply by writing a check or wiring funds directly from the Solo 401(k) bank account, which can be opened at any local bank or credit union, such as Capital One.
By establishing a Solo 401(k), you can make private equity investments without the formation of an LLC. Instead, the Solo 401(k) Plan can be adopted by any business including a sole proprietorship, LLC, C Corporation, S Corporation, or partnership.
Unlike a conventional Solo 401(k) Plan that can be opened at a traditional financial institution such as Fidelity, the Solo 401(k) Plan offered by the IRA Financial Group is open architecture and 100% self-directed. This provides you (the trustee) with “checkbook control” over the 401k plan assets and 100% control over the investments of the plan.
With the Solo 401(k), also known as a Self-Directed 401(k), you will have total control over your retirement funds so you can make private equity and 401k plan investments tax-free.
Solo 401(k) Prohibited Transaction Rules
You can use a Solo 401(k) for venture capital investments, but you must be aware of the IRS prohibited transaction rules under Internal Revenue Code Section 4975
The IRS has restricted certain transactions between the Solo 401k Plan and a “disqualified person.” Disqualified persons include, but are not limited to the IRA holder and any of his/her lineal descendants.
The prohibited transactions rules tend to become more of an issue when the person using the retirement funds or another disqualified person related to the retirement account holder has a personal interest or relationship with the venture capital fund investment. In other words, a retirement account holder can generally make an investment into any venture capital fund in which neither the retirement account holder nor any disqualified person has any personal ownership or relationship with.
Issues will arise from an IRS prohibited transaction standpoint when the retirement account holder wishes to use retirement funds to invest in a fund where he/she or a disqualified person is either an owner, executive or, in some cases, has a professional relationship with the fund in question.
If structured correctly, there may be a way to use your retirement funds to invest in a venture capital that you are personally involved in. The key is to make sure that the retirement account investment into the fund will not personally benefit you (directly or indirectly) or any disqualified person since that type of investment would likely trigger a prohibited transaction.
Triggering a prohibited transaction is based on the facts and circumstances involved. You must prove that you did not personally benefit from the retirement account investments (directly or indirectly). Failure of proof can trigger very steep taxes and penalties.
Putting it All Together
Venture capital investments are one of the more popular investment options for a Solo 401(k) plan. Venture capital investments are generally high risk/high reward investments, but typically do not involve much prohibited transaction risks, assuming you or any disqualified person is actively involved in the fund.
Why IRA Financial
IRA Financial has helped over 15,500 self-directed IRA investors invest over $4.5 billion in alternative assets. IRA Financial has significant experience assisting venture capital clients navigate the IRS rules in connection with all types of domestic and foreign investments.
For additional information on using a self-directed IRA to make venture capital investments, please contact one of our Solo 401k Experts at 800-472-0646.
